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Performance regression when using API to populate dashboards across organizations (11.6.3 → 12.1.1)
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### What happened?
When using the Grafana API ([POST /api/dashboards/db](https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/developers/http_api/dashboard/#create--update-dashboard)) to create/update dashboards across multiple organizations, we observed a **significant performance drop** after upgrading Grafana from `11.6.3` to `12.1.1`.
We update dashboards in **batches of 100 organizations at a time**, which explains the rate of ~100 organisations/minute in 11.6.3.
- **Grafana 11.6.3**: ~100 organisations/minute (≈30 min to populate 3000 Grafana organisations with dashboards)
- **Grafana 12.1.1**: ~2 organisations/minute (over 24 hours for the same workload)
Grafana does not return API errors, but the PostgreSQL backend logs constraint violations such as:
```
STATEMENT: INSERT INTO "dashboard_version" ...
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "UQE_dashboard_version_dashboard_id_version"
DETAIL: Key (dashboard_id, version)=(8823, 71) already exists.
```
These database errors appear correlated with the slowdown.
### What did you expect to happen?
Performance should remain consistent with previous versions (around 100 organisations/minute when populating dashboards across organizations) without hitting duplicate key errors in the database.
### Did this work before?
Yes.
The same test scenario worked correctly in Grafana `11.6.3`.
The slowdown started after upgrading to Grafana `12.1.1`.
### How do we reproduce it?
1. Start with an empty Grafana instance.
2. Use the API to populate ~3000 organizations, each with:
- 1 folder containing 10 dashboards.
- Each dashboard applied across 50 versions (e.g., `dashboard_1` applied sequentially v1 → v50).
- Apply updates in **batches of 100 organizations**.
3. Compare the population rate in Grafana `11.6.3` vs `12.1.1`.
4. Observe DB logs for duplicate key violations on the `dashboard_version` table.
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Additional information
- **Hosting**: self-hosted Grafana, running on a VM.
- **Resources*…
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