Scheduler queued-timeout can reschedule a deferred TimeDeltaSensorAsync and cause premature success

### Apache Airflow version 2.11.2 ### What happened? We observed a `TimeDeltaSensorAsync` task succeed long before its target time after a scheduler `stuck in queued reschedule` event fired just after the task had already started and deferred. This was on `KubernetesExecutor` in a production environment, but the interesting part appears to be in the scheduler / deferral interaction rather than the surrounding platform. The task was: - DAG: `generate_eval_imp_tfexample_install_to_revenue` - Task: `d28_eval_imp_generation.wait_for_d28_window` - Run ID: `scheduled__2026-03-18T00:00:00+00:00` - Operator: `TimeDeltaSensorAsync` The trigger log showed the sensor still had about 29 days remaining: ```text [2026-03-19T00:08:06.515+0000] {temporal.py:74} INFO - 2526713 seconds remaining; sleeping 3600 seconds ``` But the task still resumed and succeeded about 100 seconds later. ### What you think should happen instead? Once a task has transitioned from `queued` to `running` and then `deferred`, the scheduler's queued-timeout watchdog should no longer be able to reschedule that task instance based on stale queued state. A deferred `TimeDeltaSensorAsync` should also not be able to resume into `execute_complete()` and succeed unless the trigger has legitimately fired because the target datetime was reached. ### How to reproduce I do not yet have a minimal standalone reproducer, but the sequence below looks sufficient to explain the bug: 1. A task instance remains in `queued` longer than `[scheduler] task_queued_timeout`. 2. The task is finally picked up by a worker and starts running. 3. It defers successfully via `TimeDeltaSensorAsync` / `DateTimeTrigger`. 4. The scheduler's `stuck_in_queued_reschedule` path still processes the TI and reschedules it. 5. The task is launched again, resumes via `execute_complete()`, and succeeds even though the original trigger had not reached the target time. ### Operating System Linux ### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers _No response_ ### …