Inconsistent error messages with circular base type argument

<!-- 🚨 STOP 🚨 𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣 🚨 𝑺𝑻𝑶𝑷 🚨 Half of all issues filed here are duplicates, answered in the FAQ, or not appropriate for the bug tracker. Even if you think you've found a *bug*, please read the FAQ first, especially the Common "Bugs" That Aren't Bugs section! Please help us by doing the following steps before logging an issue: * Search: https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/search?type=Issues * Read the FAQ: https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/FAQ Please fill in the *entire* template below. --> I noticed [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/52573647) that a type argument to a base class can reference property types in the same class, so I wondered what would happen if I tried to reference an inherited property type that itself depends on the type argument. To its credit, the compiler didn't crash, but the errors I got didn't make much sense. <!-- Please try to reproduce the issue with `typescript@next`. It may have already been fixed. --> **TypeScript Version:** master (e1a4c2779f93c8389d1589e543920a61771e97ec) <!-- Search terms you tried before logging this (so others can find this issue more easily) --> **Search Terms:** circular self referential base extends type argument property same class lookup type **Code** ```ts class Super<T> { foo!: T; } class Sub extends Super<Sub["bar"]> { bar!: Sub["foo"]; // Actual: Error: "Property 'foo' does not exist on type 'Sub'." baz!: Sub["foo"]; // Actual: No error } ``` **Expected behavior:** An error that indicates that circular type annotations are involved. **Actual behavior:** As marked. **Playground Link:** [link](https://www.typescriptlang.org/play/#src=class%20Super%3CT%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20foo!%3A%20T%3B%0A%7D%0Aclass%20Sub%20extends%20Super%3CSub%5B%22bar%22%5D%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20bar!%3A%20Sub%5B%22foo%22%5D%3B%20%20%2F%2F%20Actual%3A%20Error%3A%20%22Property%20'foo'%20does%20not%20exist%20on%20type%20'Sub'.%22%0A%20%20baz!%3A%20Sub%5B%22foo%22%5D%3B%20%20%2F%2F%20Actual%3A%20No%20error%0A%7…