Url rewrites breaks url that contains multiple slashes

### Verify canary release - [X] I verified that the issue exists in the latest Next.js canary release ### Link to the code that reproduces this issue or a replay of the bug https://codesandbox.io/p/sandbox/proud-haze-ylj2wz?file=%2Fpackage.json%3A21%2C4 ### To Reproduce Go to the codesandbox, and pop open the network console. ### Describe the Bug When rewriting a url that contains multiple slashes, it gets stuck in an infinite loop. For example `/image/https://i.imgur.com/V7WhMQt.jpeg` For a real-life use case example for this, [cloudflare image optimization](https://developers.cloudflare.com/images/image-resizing/url-format/) requires us to pass the image source as part of the url. <img width="1377" alt="Screenshot 2023-08-01 at 13 59 06" src="https://github.com/vercel/next.js/assets/80254260/34eb171a-7bf4-416c-a642-77aa0d2e725e"> ### Expected Behavior The image should not be redirected infinitely. _{[NEXT-1488](https://linear.app/vercel/issue/NEXT-1488/url-rewrites-breaks-url-that-contains-multiple-slashes)}