Image src that includes more than 1 query param results in broken output

### Link to the code that reproduces this issue https://codesandbox.io/p/sandbox/reverent-http-v2ycvz ### To Reproduce 1. Start the sandbox 2. Inspect the html in the network monitor ### Current vs. Expected behavior Attribute that contains an url with more than 1 query param results in broken encoded output. Browsers seem able to recover from this mistake and fetch the correct url, but crawlers etc do not. ```html <link rel="preload" href="https://picsum.photos/id/870/200/300?grayscale=1&amp;blur=2" as="image"/> <div> <img src="https://picsum.photos/id/870/200/300?grayscale&amp;blur=2"> </div> ``` ### Provide environment information ```bash Operating System: Platform: linux Arch: x64 Version: #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sun Aug 6 20:05:33 UTC 2023 Available memory (MB): 4102 Available CPU cores: 2 Binaries: Node: 20.9.0 npm: 9.8.1 Yarn: 1.22.19 pnpm: 8.10.2 Relevant Packages: next: 15.6.0-canary.38 // Latest available version is detected (15.6.0-canary.38). eslint-config-next: N/A react: 19.1.1 react-dom: 19.1.1 typescript: 5.3.3 Next.js Config: output: N/A ``` ### Which area(s) are affected? (Select all that apply) Output, Image (next/image) ### Which stage(s) are affected? (Select all that apply) next build (local), Vercel (Deployed), next dev (local), next start (local), Other (Deployed) ### Additional context _No response_